Creating a fire pit does not have to involve expensive kits, cement, or professional tools. A simple underground fire pit can be made using materials already found in most gardens or backyards. This approach relies on basic construction principles and the natural strength of soil and bricks. When done properly, it results in a sturdy, long-lasting fire pit that blends into the landscape and provides reliable warmth during cold seasons.
An underground fire pit has several advantages. It is protected from strong winds, retains heat more efficiently, and feels safer because the fire is contained below ground level. By using old bricks, gravel, and soil, the entire structure can be built at no cost while still remaining practical and durable.
Choosing the Right Location
Selecting the correct location is the most important part of this project. The fire pit should be placed in an open area, far from trees, fences, sheds, or any flammable objects. Overhanging branches and dry vegetation should be cleared well in advance. A flat section of ground is ideal, as it prevents uneven pressure on the structure and makes construction easier.
The ground should also be stable and not prone to flooding. Areas where rainwater collects can weaken the soil and cause bricks to shift over time. If possible, choose slightly elevated ground with good natural drainage. Before starting, the area should be cleared of grass, roots, stones, and debris to expose clean soil.
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Marking and Preparing the Ground
Once the location is selected, the surface must be leveled carefully. Any bumps or dips should be removed so the fire pit sits evenly. After leveling, a circle is marked on the ground to outline the size of the fire pit. The size depends on personal preference, but a medium-sized circle is usually enough to hold a steady fire without using excessive fuel.
The circle does not need to be perfectly shaped, but keeping it as even as possible helps when placing bricks later. Marking can be done using a stick, rope, or by lightly scratching the soil with a brick or metal tool. This marked circle serves as a guide for digging.
Digging the Underground Pit
Digging begins inside the marked circle. Since this is an underground fire pit, the hole should be deep enough to safely contain the fire and reduce exposure to wind. The depth can vary, but it should allow enough space for fuel while keeping flames below ground level.
While digging, the sides of the hole should be kept as straight as possible. Loose soil and roots should be removed from both the walls and the base. A clean, compact hole creates a stronger foundation and prevents the walls from collapsing later. The soil removed during digging should be kept nearby, as it will be reused in later steps.
Using Old Bricks for the Inner Wall
Old or leftover bricks are ideal for lining the inside of the pit. These bricks form a protective wall between the fire and the surrounding soil. They help reflect heat inward and prevent the ground from burning or eroding.
The bricks should be placed vertically around the inner edge of the hole, forming a tight circular wall. Each brick should sit firmly against the soil and closely against the next one. Gaps should be kept as small as possible. Even broken bricks can be used as long as they fit securely and create a continuous barrier.
This first layer of bricks is the most important, as it supports the structure and takes direct heat from the fire.
Creating a Strong Base with Gravel
After the inner brick wall is placed, gravel is added to the bottom of the pit. The gravel layer serves several important purposes. It improves drainage, allowing rainwater to pass through instead of collecting at the base. It also helps with airflow, which supports cleaner and more efficient burning.
The gravel should be spread evenly across the bottom and pressed down firmly. A compact base prevents shifting and keeps ash from mixing directly with soil. This simple step significantly increases the lifespan and performance of the fire pit.
Locking the Bricks in Place with Soil
With the bricks and gravel in place, the soil removed earlier is used to secure the structure. Soil is packed tightly around the outside of the inner brick wall. This pressure holds the bricks firmly against the pit walls and prevents movement over time.
The soil should be pressed into every gap, ensuring there are no loose spaces. Compacting the soil by hand or with a flat tool helps create a solid bond. This method replaces the need for cement and allows the structure to remain flexible with natural ground movement.
Adding the Upper Brick Layer
A second layer of bricks is placed on top of the first one, extending slightly above ground level. This upper layer adds height and gives the fire pit a finished appearance. It also helps contain embers and makes the pit safer to use.
These bricks should be stacked carefully so they align with the bricks below. Stability is key, so each brick should rest evenly on the soil and underlying structure. Once placed, soil is again used to fill gaps between bricks and lock them in position.
Settling the Structure with Water
After all bricks and soil are in place, water is lightly sprinkled over the entire area. Moisture helps the soil settle deeper into cracks and gaps, tightening the structure naturally. As the soil dries, it becomes more compact and stable.
If the soil sinks after watering, additional soil can be added and pressed in. This step ensures the fire pit remains firm and does not loosen with use or weather changes.
First Use and Testing
Before regular use, the fire pit should be tested with a small fire. This allows observation of airflow, heat retention, and overall stability. Starting with dry sticks or small pieces of wood helps avoid excessive heat during the first burn.
During testing, the fire should remain controlled, and the bricks should stay firmly in place. Any loose areas can be corrected by adding more soil or adjusting bricks. Once tested, the pit is ready for regular use.